The cultural ties between the United Kingdom and countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal are rich, and enduring and continue to flourish. From cherished festivals and vibrant fashion to treasured spices and handcrafted textiles, our heritage has not only enriched British life but has become an essential part of it. But as we pass these traditions on to future generations, it is worth asking: what is the environmental cost of keeping this connection alive?
Each year, the UK imports large quantities of goods from South Asian countries to meet the demand for culturally important products. Think fresh mangoes from Ratnagiri, embroidered kurtas ahead of Eid, or colorful Diwali decorations made in Rajasthan. These products support a thriving economy, but the carbon emissions involved in transporting them, especially by air, cannot be ignored.
According to the BBC, flying in food produces 47 times more greenhouse gases than shipping it by sea. Planes release around 500 grams of CO₂ per metric tonne per kilometre, while ships release between 10 and 40 grams. Multiply that by the thousands of tonnes flown in during festive seasons and the environmental toll becomes clear.
Packaging also poses a challenge. Many items arrive in non-recyclable plastic wraps. Even when efforts are made in countries like India or Bangladesh to use biodegradable packaging, these materials do not always meet UK recycling standards. As a result, a lot ends up in landfill or is incinerated.
Fashion adds another layer to this environmental impact. The UK imports significant amounts of clothing from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, particularly during festivals and wedding seasons.
These garments are often produced through fast fashion practices that involve toxic dyes, high water usage, and sometimes questionable labour conditions. By importing them, we are also inheriting the environmental burden that comes with their production.
That said, change is happening. Across the UK and South Asia, many are taking steps to reduce this impact. Businesses rooted in our communities are championing sustainable alternatives. From upcycled saris and reusable wedding décor to organic spice blends and eco-conscious catering, the shift is encouraging. Back in South Asia, fair trade practices and environmentally friendly production methods are slowly gaining ground too.
Consumers have a vital role to play. Supporting responsible importers, choosing sea freight over air where possible, and buying local alternatives can all help reduce harm. Governments also have a part to play by encouraging sustainable trade and holding polluters accountable.
Our heritage is something to be proud of. But if we are to pass it on in good conscience, we must do so with an eye on the planet. Sustainability is not about abandoning tradition. It is about preserving it in a way that ensures a better future for everyone.
