Flight turbulence is no longer just an occasional inconvenience, it’s becoming more frequent and severe, and climate change is a major culprit.
Rising global temperatures are intensifying atmospheric instability, leading to stronger jet streams and unpredictable weather patterns. This means more “clear-air turbulence,” which occurs without visible warning signs like storms or clouds, making it harder for pilots to avoid. Experts warn that as the planet warms, air travel could see a significant increase in turbulence incidents, posing new challenges for airlines and passengers alike.
Speaking to Asian Voice, Capt. Raj Adhikary explained the surge in turbulence incidents, “The rise in turbulence globally is primarily driven by climate change, which is reshaping atmospheric dynamics. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are strengthening jet streams and intensifying wind shear, making clear-air turbulence (CAT) more frequent and severe. Research shows turbulence frequency has climbed significantly between 1980 and 2021, with some regions seeing spikes of 60% to 155%. Climate change is also blurring seasonal differences, making both winters and summers equally susceptible. A key factor is the faster warming of the tropics compared to higher latitudes, which disrupts traditional turbulence patterns.”
On detecting and managing turbulence, Capt. Adhikary said, “Pilots currently rely on multiple tools and techniques, including weather forecasts and turbulence charts, real-time PIREPs (pilot reports) from preceding aircraft, and advisories from air traffic control. Onboard radar is also used to identify convective turbulence linked to clouds or thunderstorms. However, these systems have limitations, particularly when it comes to detecting clear-air turbulence, which is invisible and extremely difficult to forecast. To bridge this gap, new technologies like LIDAR, using lasers to detect subtle changes in air density and wind speed, are being developed to provide earlier and more accurate warnings.”
Aviation industry adopts tech to tackle turbulence
Airlines and aircraft manufacturers are stepping up efforts to prepare for increasingly turbulent skies, driven by climate change and rising cases of clear-air turbulence. To tackle these risks, the industry is embracing advanced technologies, predictive analytics, and operational changes aimed at improving passenger safety and comfort.
On airlines and aircraft manufacturer can better prepare for and mitigate turbulence risks in the future, EUR ING Dinuwan Galwatta, CEO of Aero Launch Pvt Ltd and mentor at the University of Brighton, said, “To prepare for a future of bumpier skies, airlines are using IATA’s Turbulence Aware to share real-time data and create AI-driven forecasts, helping pilots adjust routes dynamically. Manufacturers are developing LIDAR and infrasonic sensors to detect turbulence early, while new aircraft designs like Embraer’s Praetor jets use active turbulence reduction systems. Combined with improved forecasting, route optimisation, and pilot training, these measures are making turbulence management safer and more efficient.”
Galwatta emphasised the importance of communication and safety protocols, saying, “Improving how crews communicate with passengers and reinforcing seatbelt use are key to reducing injuries and anxiety during turbulence. Passengers should be encouraged to keep seatbelts fastened whenever seated, not just when the sign is on. Clear, timely announcements before turbulence, securing loose items, and reassuring passengers that modern aircraft are built to handle turbulence safely all help maintain confidence. Many airlines now adapt service protocols, such as ending cabin service early when rough air is expected, to keep everyone seated and safe. Consistent messaging and calm, empathetic communication remain critical to managing turbulence effectively.”
