The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), one of the world's largest volunteer organisations, has officially commenced its centenary year, marking a century since its founding on September 27, 1925. From its origins as a small-scale movement, the RSS has grown into a powerful national institution, deeply interwoven with India's social, cultural, and political fabric.
Founded by Dr Keshav Baliram Hedgewar in Nagpur, the RSS was established with the stated aim of uniting the Hindu community and fostering a sense of national identity. Over the decades, this grassroots structure has enabled the Sangh to build a monumental presence across the country, serving as the ideological parent to the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a relationship that has fundamentally reshaped India's political landscape.
While the RSS has been a key force in social reform and disaster relief, its journey has also been marked by controversy. It has faced several government bans, most notably following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, and continues to be a subject of intense debate regarding its Hindu nationalist ideology and its alleged role in communal tensions.
The RSS's influence extends far beyond politics. Through its vast network of affiliates, it has become deeply involved in various social and educational programmes, from operating schools to providing disaster relief across the country. Supporters argue that this extensive social work is a testament to its commitment to national service and community building. Critics, however, contend that this pervasive influence is part of a larger, long-term strategy to establish a Hindu majoritarian state. They point to the organisation's role in historical events that have stoked communal tensions and argue that its ideology fundamentally undermines India's secular foundations.
As it enters its second century, the RSS is embarking on a comprehensive outreach programme to address these criticisms and present its vision for a 'New India'. Centenary events, including a three-day lecture series in Delhi led by Sarsanghchalak Mohan Bhagwat, are designed to engage with a diverse audience of diplomats, intellectuals, and members of minority communities. The organisation’s future focus, as articulated by its leadership, will be on fostering national development, social harmony, and civic discipline, reinforcing its long-standing objective of building a strong and self-reliant nation.